A Dose Of Genius
'Smart Pills' Are on The Rise. But Is Taking Them Wise?
By Joel Garreau
Washington Post Staff Writer
Sunday, June 11, 2006
Studying with diligent friends is fine, says Heidi Lessing, a University of Delaware sophomore.
But after a couple of hours, it's time for a break, a little gossip: "I want to talk about somebody walking by in the library."
One of those friends, however, is working too hard for dish -- way too hard.
Instead of joining in the gossip, "She says, 'Be quiet,' " Lessing says, astonishment still registering in her voice.
Her friend's attention is laserlike, totally focused on her texts, even after an evening of study. "We were so bored," Lessing says. But the friend was still "really into it. It's annoying."
The reason for the difference: Her pal is fueled with "smart pills" that increase her concentration, focus, wakefulness and short-term memory.
There are lots of the first-generation drugs around. They include Adderall, which was originally aimed at people with attention-deficit disorder, and Provigil, which was aimed at narcoleptics嗜眠症, who fall asleep uncontrollably. In the healthy, this class of drugs variously aids concentration, alertness, focus, short-term memory and wakefulness -- useful qualities in students working on complex term papers and pulling all-nighters before exams.
Warning: Side Effects
In the name of altering mood, energy and thinking patterns, we have been marinating our brains in chemicals for a very long time.
Caffeine is as old as coffee in Arabia, tea in China, and chocolate in the New World. Alcohol, coca leaves, tobacco and peyote 仙人掌go way back.
But there are side effects with every drug. The FDA warns it also may increase thoughts of suicide in young people. For a while last year, Canada pulled a form of Adderall from its markets as a result of sudden unexplained deaths in children with cardiac abnormalities. Provigil can decrease the effectiveness of birth control. All of these drugs come with a raft of side-effect warnings.
Nonetheless, pharmaceutical companies are racing to bring to market new drugs aimed at fundamentally altering our attitudes toward having a healthy brain. The idea is less to treat a specific disease than it is to, in the words of the old Army recruiting commercial, "Be all that you can be."
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第5組
組長: 梁禕芸
組員: 陳怡君
王貞媛
鄭惟駿
曾子芳
天才藥
「聰明丸」的價值正在持續上漲中。但服用他們是否真的會變聰明？
源自華盛頓時報文字記者，Joel Garreau的報導。
2006年6月11日星期天
美國德拉威州的一所大學二年級學生Heidi Lessing說：「跟勤奮用功的學生在一起讀書是很好」，但在幾個小時之後的，到了是該休息的時間了，想要閒聊一番，便說：「來說說那些在圖書館內走動的人吧。」
然而，其中的一位朋友，太認真地專注於眼前的書本。沒有加入我們的閒聊，Lessing說：「安靜」，聲音透露出了她的不安。
甚至在讀了整個傍晚的書後，她朋友的注意力仍完全地集中在她的課文裡。Lessing說：「我們覺得很無趣，但那朋友還是很熱衷於她的話題，真讓人厭煩。」
造成兩者之間的差別的原因在於：她朋友吃了會增加專注力、集中力、警覺性以及短期記憶力的「聰明丸」。
在天才藥中內含很多新一代的藥品成分，其中Adderall (不夜神) 原本是一種針對缺乏注意力症的藥，還有Provigil是治療動不動就睡著的嗜睡症，從健康的角度，這些種類的藥是以各種方式來幫助專注度、提高警覺性、集中注意力、短期記憶力和保持清醒，這對那些在寫複雜學術報告和必須熬夜準備考試的學生來說是個很有幫助的東西。
警告：副作用
為了改變情緒、體力、思考模式，我們一直將我們的腦袋浸泡在化學藥物裡 (我們研發如何藉以化學藥物來改善人體情況)。
咖啡因的存在就像阿拉伯的咖啡、中國的茶、以及南美洲的巧克力一樣久。如同人類知道酒精、古柯葉、塔巴斯科辣醬汁和仙人掌一樣
但是每一種藥都會有副作用，美國食品暨藥物管理局也警告這會增加年輕人自殺的想法。在去年這期間，加拿大從不夜神的市場銷量中提出兒童突然死於不明的心臟病變的案例。Provigil可能會減低避孕的效果，這些藥都有許多副作用的警告標語。
儘管如此，藥廠正為針對根本改善人們對聰明腦袋想法的藥品而競爭。這種想法不如治療一種特定疾病來得完善，好比在舊時美國陸軍招生廣告中所提到的：做你能力所能及的。
Group 2
組長:Christy
組員:Jenny
Jo
May
Tiffany
Jennifer
A Dose Of Genius天才丸
'Smart Pills' Are on The Rise. But Is Taking Them Wise?
「聰明丸」愈來愈流行，但吃它們真的是聰明的選擇嗎？
By Joel Garreau
喬伊蓋若 報導
Washington Post Staff Writer
華盛頓郵報
Sunday, June 11, 2006
2006年6月11日 星期日
Studying with diligent friends is fine, says Heidi Lessing, a University of Delaware sophomore.
「和用功的朋友一起讀書很好」一個就讀於德拉華大學的二年級生海蒂雷森說。
But after a couple of hours, it's time for a break, a little gossip: "I want to talk about somebody walking by in the library."
One of those friends, however, is working too hard for dish -- way too hard.
Instead of joining in the gossip, "She says, 'Be quiet,' " Lessing says, astonishment still registering in her voice.
但兩個小時之後，休息時間到了，大家聊聊八卦：「我想談談那個經過圖書館的人。」然而，這群朋友當中的一人，讀書讀的太辛苦而廢寢忘食。
相反的，她沒有加入聊八卦的行列，「她說：『安靜點』」，雷森說，聲音仍舊充滿了驚訝。
Her friend's attention is laser like, totally focused on her texts, even after an evening of study. "We were so bored," Lessing says. But the friend was still "really into it. It's annoying."
她朋友的專注力像雷射光般，完全聚焦在她的課文當中，甚至已經經過了一晚的用功。「我們好無聊噢！」雷森說。但那個朋友仍「全心投入在裡頭。這真是令人厭煩。」
The reason for the difference: Her pal is fueled with "smart pills" that increase her concentration, focus, wakefulness and short-term memory.
造成這個差異的原因是：她的好友受到「聰明丸」的刺激，它能增強專注力、集中力、保持清醒和短期記憶力。
There are lots of the first-generation drugs around. They include Adderall, which was originally aimed at people with attention-deficit disorder, and Provigil, which was aimed at narcoleptics嗜眠症, who fall asleep uncontrollably. In the healthy, this class of drugs variously aids concentration, alertness, focus, short-term memory and wakefulness -- useful qualities in students working on complex term papers and pulling all-nighters before exams.
到處都有很多第一代的藥物。他們包括本來是針對注意力不足的人的安非他命混合劑，和針對會不由自主睡著的嗜眠症的普衛醒錠。在所有健康的人之中，這些各式各樣種類的藥有助於專心、靈活、集中、短暫的記憶和清醒 -- 這些特點對於在寫複雜的學期研究報告與在考試之前通宵的學生很有用。
Warning: Side Effects
警告：副作用
In the name of altering mood, energy and thinking patterns, we have been marinating our brains in chemicals for a very long time.
在改變情緒、精力和思考模式的名義下，我們已經用化學藥品浸泡腦力有一段很長的時間。
Caffeine is as old as coffee in Arabia, tea in China, and chocolate in the New World. Alcohol, coca leaves, tobacco and peyote 仙人掌go way back.
咖啡因與阿拉伯的咖啡、中國的茶葉還有南美洲的巧克力一樣古老。酒精、可可葉、菸草和仙人掌也是。
But there are side effects with every drug. The FDA warns it also may increase thoughts of suicide in young people. For a while last year, Canada pulled a form of Adderall from its markets as a result of sudden unexplained deaths in children with cardiac abnormalities. Provigil can decrease the effectiveness of birth control. All of these drugs come with a raft of side-effect warnings.
但每種藥物都會有副作用，美國藥物食品管理局警告這種藥物可能會增強年輕人輕生的念頭。去年有一段時間，加拿大把會造成孩子不明原因心臟異常而暴斃的安非他命混合劑下架，而普衛醒錠則會讓避孕的效力降低，所有的這些藥物都有許多副作用警告。
Nonetheless, pharmaceutical companies are racing to bring to market new drugs aimed at fundamentally altering our attitudes toward having a healthy brain. The idea is less to treat a specific disease than it is to, in the words of the old Army recruiting commercial, "Be all that you can be."
不過，各大藥廠仍在積極推出針對讓人類頭腦更健全、改變思維模式的新藥品，這個做法不再是對特殊疾病的治療為目的，套句徵兵廣告的老話：「盡其所能。」
Group 7
G4A 王立婷(組長)
G4A 李麗音
G4A 姜宛伶
G4A 尤宣淳
G4A 陳瑩
S4B 王俐婷
A Dose Of Genius
天才藥劑
'Smart Pills' Are on The Rise. But Is Taking Them Wise?
「聰明丸」越來越夯。服用聰明丸，聰明嗎？！
By Joel Garreau
Washington Post Staff Writer
Sunday, June 11, 2006
Studying with diligent friends is fine, says Heidi Lessing, a University of Delaware sophomore.
But after a couple of hours, it's time for a break, a little gossip: "I want to talk about somebody walking by in the library."
One of those friends, however, is working too hard for dish -- way too hard.
Instead of joining in the gossip, "She says, 'Be quiet,' " Lessing says, astonishment still registering in her voice.
Her friend's attention is laserlike, totally focused on her texts, even after an evening of study. "We were so bored," Lessing says. But the friend was still "really into it. It's annoying."
The reason for the difference: Her pal is fueled with "smart pills" that increase her concentration, focus, wakefulness and short-term memory.
華盛頓郵報 記者/ 喬葛洛
2006年6月11日 星期日
「和勤奮的朋友一起唸書是很好的。」就讀德拉威州大學二年級的海蒂蕾斯說。
但過了幾個小時，休息時間到了，大家閒聊八卦：「我想聊聊在圖書館裡走過的人。」
然而其中一個朋友，卻沒有加入討論八卦，而是依然認真的念書—異常的認真，她說：「安靜一點」雷絲在說這些話的時候聲音裡仍然流露著驚訝。
甚至在念了一整個下午之後，她朋友仍然全神貫注在文章上。「我們真的好無聊」雷絲說道，但她朋友卻說：「你們吵到我了。」
造成這種差異的原因是:她的朋友服用了“聰明藥丸”這種藥可以增加注意力、專注力、保持清醒和短期記憶。
There are lots of the first-generation drugs around. They include Adderall, which was originally aimed at people with attention-deficit disorder, and Provigil, which was aimed at narcoleptics嗜眠症, who fall asleep uncontrollably. In the healthy, this class of drugs variously aids concentration, alertness, focus, short-term memory and wakefulness -- useful qualities in students working on complex term papers and pulling all-nighters before exams.
到處都有很多第一代的藥物。它們包括「愛得爾Adderall」，是一種最初針對注意力不足的人。「普衛醒錠Provigil」，一種針對嗜眠症的藥，即不能克制自己而睡著的人。對健康的人來說，這一類的藥物有助於集中精神、保持警覺性、專心、短期記憶和保持清醒，對於學生專研複雜的報告及在考試前徹夜苦讀的人有高效的品質。
Warning: Side Effects
警告: 副作用
In the name of altering mood, energy and thinking patterns, we have been marinating our brains in chemicals for a very long time.
要改變情緒、體力以及思考模式，我們已經把我們的頭腦浸泡在化學藥品裡面有很長的一段時間。
Caffeine is as old as coffee in Arabia, tea in China, and chocolate in the New World. Alcohol, coca leaves, tobacco and peyote 仙人掌go way back.
咖啡因就像阿拉伯的咖啡、中國的茶葉、以及南美洲的巧克力一樣久。也就像是酒精、古柯葉、菸草以及仙人掌一樣。
But there are side effects with every drug. The FDA warns it also may increase thoughts of suicide in young people. For a while last year, Canada pulled a form of Adderall from its markets as a result of sudden unexplained deaths in children with cardiac abnormalities. Provigil can decrease the effectiveness of birth control. All of these drugs come with a raft of side-effect warnings.
但是每種藥物都會有副作用。美國食品與藥品管理局也警告這會使得青少年自殺的意圖增加。去年年底，加拿大政府列出了以Adderal為主，兒童因為不明原因心臟異常猝死的報告。Provigil可能使懷孕的機率增加。這些藥物帶有大量的副作用警告。
Nonetheless, pharmaceutical companies are racing to bring to market new drugs aimed at fundamentally altering our attitudes toward having a healthy brain. The idea is less to treat a specific disease than it is to, in the words of the old Army recruiting commercial, "Be all that you can be."
然而，藥廠正相繼競爭地向市場，推出針對徹底地改變正常人態度的新藥，這個想法減少了藥對特殊疾病的本性遠超過它原來的用途，就像就陸軍徵募新兵時說的話「在這兒，你可以盡情揮灑。」
Group6
S4A
仉政仁/Mary(group leader)
楊子萱/Carol
楊怡雯/Michelle
黃鈺涵/Betty
天才丸
「聰明丸」正風行，但真能帶來聰明？
華盛頓郵報記者：裘爾 卡瑞奧 採訪報導
2006年6月11日，星期日
「跟用功的朋友一起唸書很棒」，在德拉威州大學就讀二年級的海蒂蕾西敘述道，「但在數個小時後，是該休息和閒話家常一番；而我想談論某些在圖書館走動的人」。
不過，這些朋友之中有個超級用功的人，她不但不加入朋友的聊天，反而還說「安靜！」蕾西說，她的語氣透露出驚訝。
蕾西朋友的注意力就像雷射光般集中，僅管已經讀了一整個下午的書，她仍完全投注於書本中。蕾西說：「我們感到非常的無聊，但她仍非常專注，真是討厭。」
而她們會如此不同的原因就是，她的同伴靠著「聰明丸」的刺激增強了集中力、注意力、警覺性及短期記憶力。
現在四處都有許多第一代藥品的存在，包括原本用來針對有注意力集中障礙病患服用的興奮劑，以及專治無法控制沉睡的嗜睡症患者的提神含片，而對健康的人來說，這類的藥分別可幫助：集中注意力、警覺性、焦點、短期記憶力和頭腦清醒，這些都有助於學生做複雜的論文及考試前通宵。
警告：副作用
以轉換情緒，增強活力和思考模式的名義，我們已經將腦袋浸泡在化學藥品中很長時間了。
咖啡因和阿拉伯的咖啡、中國的茶、美洲的巧克力一樣古老，是由酒精、古柯葉、菸草和仙人掌所組成。
但是每種藥品都有副作用，食品與藥品管理局警告這可能增加青少年有自殺念頭的比率，加拿大實施興奮劑的合法銷售，結果卻造成反常性心臟病孩童突然間無緣由的死亡，而促進失眠的療程可以減輕提神含片的藥效，這些藥品皆有大量副作用的警告。
雖然如此，製藥公司仍極速的推出針對擁有健康大腦，出售能使我們精神上有基礎改變的新藥物，這個概念絕對不能治療特殊疾病，套一句軍隊招募新兵的廣告用語 「做所有你能做的」。
第一組 李怡萱
A Dose Of Genius 天才丸
'Smart Pills' Are on The Rise. But Is Taking Them Wise?
“聰明丸”越來越流行了，但服用他們真的聰明嗎？
By Joel Garreau
Washington Post Staff Writer
《美國華盛頓郵報記者 約爾‧蓋瑞吾的報導》
Sunday, June 11, 2006 《2006年6月11日，星期日》
Studying with diligent friends is fine, says Heidi Lessing, a University of Delaware sophomore. But after a couple of hours, it's time for a break, a little gossip: "I want to talk about somebody walking by in the library."
「跟勤奮向學的朋友一起讀書是件好事。」，一位就讀美國德拉威州大學二年級的海蒂‧雷森這麼說道。但幾個小時後，在休息時間閒聊了一下，「我想談談在圖書館走動的人。」
One of those friends, however, is working too hard for dish -- way too hard.
Instead of joining in the gossip, "She says, 'Be quiet,' " Lessing says, astonishment still registering in her voice.
Her friend's attention is laserlike, totally focused on her texts, even after an evening of study. "We were so bored," Lessing says. But the friend was still "really into it. It's annoying."
The reason for the difference: Her pal is fueled with "smart pills" that increase her concentration, focus, wakefulness and short-term memory.
不過其中一位朋友仍然繼續用功著，讀書讀到忘我了。
他並沒有跟他們聊天，反倒對雷森他們說「安靜點」，雷森對此感到驚訝無比。
即使已經讀了整整一下午的書，他的這位朋友仍然持續專注於他的課本上，注意力非常的集中。
雷森說：「我們覺得好無聊喔」，但這位朋友已完全地沉浸於書中世界，對雷森所說的話完全無動於衷，令大家傷透了腦筋。
大家都疲倦不堪，而他卻仍像頭蠻牛一樣精神飽滿，是什麼原因導致這樣的差別呢?原來是〝聰明丸〞使他充滿元氣，服用〝聰明丸〞後，增加了他的專注力與集中力，也使他能長時間保持清醒，就連短期記憶能力也大幅提升。
There are lots of the first-generation drugs around. They include Adderall, which was originally aimed at people with attention-deficit disorder, and Provigil, which was aimed at narcoleptics嗜眠症, who fall asleep uncontrollably. In the healthy, this class of drugs variously aids concentration, alertness, focus, short-term memory and wakefulness -- useful qualities in students working on complex term papers and pulling all-nighters before exams.
以下有多種聰明丸的初代藥物.包括了最初針對注意力缺損障礙(過動兒)的人所開發的Adderall,和有嗜睡症的人所開發的“不夜神”（ｐｒｏｖｉｇｉｌ）對於健康的人來說,這一類的藥物可使他們更能專心.提高警戒心.集中注意力.增強短時間記憶的能力.和保持清醒.對於處理複雜的報告及熬夜讀書的學生們來說這些藥物是非常有用的東西。
Warning: Side Effects
In the name of altering mood, energy and thinking patterns, we have been marinating our brains in chemicals for a very long time.
Caffeine is as old as coffee in Arabia, tea in China, and chocolate in the New World. Alcohol, coca leaves, tobacco and peyote 仙人掌go way back.
But there are side effects with every drug. The FDA warns it also may increase thoughts of suicide in young people. For a while last year, Canada pulled a form of Adderall from its markets as a result of sudden unexplained deaths in children with cardiac abnormalities. Provigil can decrease the effectiveness of birth control. All of these drugs come with a raft of side-effect warnings.
警告:副作用
為了要改變心情、變得有活力和提升思考能力，我們常常讓小腦袋跟許多的化學藥品做朋友。
咖啡、茶還有巧克力裡含有咖啡因的成分。
如同我們知道酒精、古柯鹼、菸草和仙人掌一樣。
但每種藥品常伴隨著副作用。
美國食品藥物管理局警告，年輕人可能使用這些藥品來漸漸地戕害自己的生命。
去年有段時間，加拿大發生了服用Adderall (類似安非他命) 而導致心臟有缺陷的小孩猝死，因此政府部門下令禁止各藥局及商場販賣。
Provigil (譯為:不夜神) 會大大地降低避孕的成功率。
這些藥品身上常有副作用的警告。
Nonetheless, pharmaceutical companies are racing to bring to market new drugs aimed at fundamentally altering our attitudes toward having a healthy brain. The idea is less to treat a specific disease than it is to, in the words of the old Army recruiting commercial, "Be all that you can be."
雖然如此，製藥公司正競相向市場推出能使思緒更加的清楚、腦部功能更加完整的新藥品。這項計畫不再只是針對特殊疾病而做研究，就像以前的陸軍招募廣告所說：”盡你所能!”。
第四組
組長 E4B 陳泰宇 0911676758
組員
F4A 劉妤恩
G4B 盧怡君
J4B 蔡姿靜
J4B 劉姵廷
E4D 康為鈞
一劑口服的〝天才〞
使用聰明丸的趨勢漸增，但使用它們沒有後遺症？
(華盛頓郵報記者約爾蓋若報導)
2006年6月11日 星期日
『能跟勤奮的朋友一起讀書是一件好事』德拉威大學二年級學生海蒂列欣如是說。但過了數小時之後，差不多是該休息的時間了，我們想聊些八卦：『我想談談那個剛剛走過去的人』，出乎意料的，其中一個同學好像讀得太過火了－近似廢寢忘食。她並沒有加入我們，『她叫我們安靜』列欣說道，列欣的聲音依然透露出一絲驚訝。列欣朋友的專注力如同雷射光束一般，聚焦在她的課本上，就算過了一整個下午依舊如此。『我們感到非常無趣』列欣說，『然而她仍然專注的出神，這讓人感到厭煩』。造成兩種不同情況的原因是：她的朋友受到聰明丸的刺激，一種能提升注意力、集中力、保持清醒以及短期記憶的藥物。
市面上有許多第一代的藥物，包括了Adderall，原本是治療集中力不足過動障礙症(ADHD)的用藥，以及Provigil，用來治療猝睡症，不能控制的進入睡眠的人的症狀。對健康的人而言，這些藥物能幫助人們提升注意力、集中力、短期記憶以及保持清醒－一些學生做複雜的報告以及考前開夜車不可或缺的特性。
警告：副作用
以改變心情、能量、思考為名義，我們的腦長久以來一直沉浸在化學物質中。
咖啡因的歷史就跟阿拉伯的咖啡、中國的茶、新世界的巧克力一樣的悠久。酒精、古柯葉、菸草以及仙人掌已經是我們的老朋友了。
但是每種藥都有副作用。美國食品藥品監督管理局警告聰明丸會導致年輕人產生輕生的念頭。去年，因為不明的原因，使用Adderall的小孩心臟病變猝死，加拿大藥物管理局暫停Adderall在加拿大的販售。Provigil則會降低避孕藥的功能。伴隨這些藥物的是大量的副作用警告。
但是，仍有許多藥廠致力於研發新藥物，從根本改變我們對擁有健康頭腦的態度。這些藥物已經不再以針對疾病做治療為目的了，套句徵兵廣告的用語『盡你所能』。
(修正)
第四組
組長 E4B 陳泰宇 0911676758
組員
F4A 劉妤恩
G4B 盧怡君
J4B 蔡姿靜
J4B 劉姵廷
E4D 康為鈞
一劑〝聰明丸〞
使用聰明丸的趨勢漸增，但是否真的變聰明？
(華盛頓郵報記者約爾蓋若報導)
2006年6月11日 星期日
『能跟勤奮的朋友一起讀書是一件好事』德拉威大學二年級學生海蒂列欣如此說。但過了數小時之後，是時候該休息一下了，我們想聊些八卦：『我想聊聊那個剛走過去的人』，出乎意料的，其中一個同學好像讀得太過火了，近似廢寢忘食。她並沒有加入我們，『她叫我們安靜』列欣說道，列欣的聲音依然透露出一絲驚訝。
列欣朋友的專注力如同雷射光束一般，聚焦在她的課本上，就算過了一整個下午依舊如此。『我們感到非常無趣』列欣說，『然而她仍然專注的出神，這讓人感到厭煩』。造成兩種不同情況的原因是：她的朋友服用了聰明丸，一種能提升注意力、集中力、保持清醒以及短期記憶的藥物。
市面上有許多第一代的藥物，包括了Adderall，原本是治療集中力不足過動障礙症(ADHD)的用藥，以及Provigil，用來治療猝睡症，不能控制的進入睡眠的人的症狀。對健康的人而言，這些藥物能幫助人們提升注意力、集中力、短期記憶以及保持清醒，是一些寫複雜報告以及考前開夜車的學生不可或缺的。
警告：副作用
以改變心情、能量、思考為名義，我們的腦長久以來一直沉浸在化學物質中。
咖啡因的歷史就跟阿拉伯的咖啡、中國的茶、美洲的巧克力一樣悠久。酒精、古柯葉、菸草以及仙人掌已經是我們的老朋友了。
但是每種藥都有副作用。美國食品藥品監督管理局警告聰明丸會導致年輕人產生輕生的念頭。去年，因為不明的原因，使用Adderall的小孩，因心臟病變而猝死，加拿大藥物管理局暫停Adderall在加拿大的販售。Provigil則會降低避孕藥的功能。伴隨這些藥物的是大量的副作用警告。
但是，仍有許多藥廠致力於研發新藥物，從根本改變我們對擁有健康頭腦的態度。這些藥物已經不再以針對疾病做治療為目的了，套句徵兵廣告的用語『盡你所能』。
第三組 組長 張逸苓
A Dose Of Genius天才劑
'Smart Pills' Are on The Rise. But Is Taking Them Wise?
〝聰明丸〞越來越受到歡迎，但吃它們是明智的選擇嗎？
By Joel Garreau
Washington Post Staff Writer
華盛頓郵報記者喬爾葛洛報導
Sunday, June 11, 2006
2006/6/11 星期日
Studying with diligent friends is fine, says Heidi Lessing, a University of Delaware sophomore.
But after a couple of hours, it's time for a break, a little gossip: "I want to talk about somebody walking by in the library."
One of those friends, however, is working too hard for dish -- way too hard.
Instead of joining in the gossip, "She says, 'Be quiet,' " Lessing says, astonishment still registering in her voice.
Her friend's attention is laserlike, totally focused on her texts, even after an evening of study. "We were so bored," Lessing says. But the friend was still "really into it. It's annoying."
The reason for the difference: Her pal is fueled with "smart pills" that increase her concentration, focus, wakefulness and short-term memory.
一個在德利華大學就讀二年級的學生，海蒂雷希說：〝跟勤奮的朋友一起讀書是很好的。〞
但在過了幾個小時後，是該休息的時間了，大家閒聊著，雷希說：〝我想聊聊在圖書館走動的人。〞
然而他們之中，有個朋友很努力的讀書因此而沒有加入他們的閒聊，雷希說：〝他說：「安靜！」〞，雷希的聲音還流露著驚訝。
他的朋友的專注力就像雷射光一樣，完全地集中在課文上，即使是過了一個下午的讀書時間。雷希說：〝我們感到非常無聊。〞但他的朋友仍然全心投入在裡面，這令他們很煩惱。
造成這樣差異的原因是：他的朋友受到〝聰明丸〞的刺激，〝聰明丸〞會增加它的專注力、焦點、清醒度和短期記憶力。
There are lots of the first-generation drugs around. They include Adderall, which was originally aimed at people with attention-deficit disorder, and Provigil, which was aimed at narcoleptics嗜眠症, who fall asleep uncontrollably. In the healthy, this class of drugs variously aids concentration, alertness, focus, short-term memory and wakefulness -- useful qualities in students working on complex term papers and pulling all-nighters before exams.
現在到處都有第一代的藥物在身邊，這些藥物包括了最初針對注意力失調不足的人的安非他命混合鹽類Adderall和針對會不受控制地睡著的嗜睡症的人的普衛醒錠。在健康的人裡，這些不同種類的藥物有助於專注力、警覺性、焦點、短期記憶和清醒度。這些特點對於在做複雜的學期報告和在考試前熬夜不睡覺的學生們很有幫助。
Warning: Side Effects
警告：副作用
In the name of altering mood, energy and thinking patterns, we have been marinating our brains in chemicals for a very long time.
藉以改變情緒、精力和思考模式的名義，我們的大腦已經長期受到藥物的控制。
Caffeine is as old as coffee in Arabia, tea in China, and chocolate in the New World. Alcohol, coca leaves, tobacco and peyote 仙人掌go way back.
咖啡因就像阿拉伯的咖啡、中國的茶葉、南美洲的可可亞一樣悠長。也就像是酒精、古柯葉、菸草及仙人掌一樣年久。
But there are side effects with every drug. The FDA warns it also may increase thoughts of suicide in young people. For a while last year, Canada pulled a form of Adderall from its markets as a result of sudden unexplained deaths in children with cardiac abnormalities. Provigil can decrease the effectiveness of birth control. All of these drugs come with a raft of side-effect warnings.
但每一種藥物都有副作用。美國食品及藥物管理局也提出警告，這些藥物可能會提高年輕人想自殺的意圖。去年年底，加拿大政府也做出關於服用Adderall造成兒童不明原因心臟異常猝死的事件報告。Provigil會大幅降低生育率。總而言之，許多藥物都有副作用的存在。
Nonetheless, pharmaceutical companies are racing to bring to market new drugs aimed at fundamentally altering our attitudes toward having a healthy brain. The idea is less to treat a specific disease than it is to, in the words of the old Army recruiting commercial, "Be all that you can be."
但是，所有藥廠正互相積極的競爭並且針對使人們頭腦更聰明、更健全研發新藥物，這種做法不再是特殊疾病的治療為目的，就像陸軍徵兵廣告說:「盡你所能。」
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